Music publishing is an essential aspect of the music industry, often overshadowed by the more visible facets such as recording and performing. However, without the often unsung work of music publishers and performing rights organizations (PROs) like ASCAP, BMI, and SESAC, songwriters and composers would struggle to get paid for their creative efforts. Let’s dive into what music publishing entails, define the roles of these key organizations, and explore how artists choose the right publishing partner.
At its core, music publishing involves the management of copyrights for musical compositions. This means ensuring that songwriters and composers receive their rightful earnings whenever their music is used commercially. Whether a song is played on the radio, streamed online, performed live, or synced to a film or TV show, it generates performance royalties that need to be collected and distributed to the rights holders.
PROs like the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP), Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI), and Society of European Stage Authors and Composers (SESAC) play a pivotal role in this process. These organizations serve as intermediaries between songwriters and the users of their music, licensing compositions on behalf of their members and collecting royalties for public performances.
ASCAP, founded in 1914, is the oldest of the three, operating on a not-for-profit basis. It represents over 800,000 songwriters, composers, and music publishers, and it is known for its open-door policy, allowing virtually any composer or publisher to join.
BMI, established in 1939, was created as an alternative to ASCAP to provide representation for genres like jazz, R&B, and country, which were underrepresented at the time. Like ASCAP, BMI operates on a non-profit-making basis and has a broad and inclusive membership policy.
SESAC, on the other hand, is the smallest and only for-profit PRO in the United States, which operates on an invitation-only basis. Founded in 1930, SESAC prides itself on providing individualized service and often represents songwriters and composers in niche markets.
Why is music publishing necessary? The answer lies in the complexity of copyright law and the vast number of venues and platforms where music can be used. Tracking down every instance where a song is played and negotiating individual licensing agreements would be impractical for songwriters and publishers. PROs streamline this process by offering blanket licenses to music users—such as radio stations, TV networks, bars, and live venues—and then collect and distribute royalties to their members.
When it comes to choosing a publishing company or a PRO, artists must consider several factors. Each organization has its own set of advantages and limitations. ASCAP and BMI are known for their extensive reach and large catalogs, which can be beneficial for wide exposure. SESAC, while smaller, may offer more personalized attention and potentially faster royalty payments due to its selective roster.
Artists should also evaluate the services provided by each organization. Some PROs offer workshops, networking events, and other career development opportunities that can be invaluable for emerging songwriters. Furthermore, the distribution methodology and frequency of royalty payments can differ, and these details matter to artists who rely on these funds for their livelihood.
Additionally, geographical reach is an important consideration. While ASCAP, BMI, and SESAC operate primarily in the United States, they have reciprocal agreements with sister organizations around the world, ensuring that members’ works are protected and monetized internationally. This global network is crucial for artists who have an international audience or whose work is featured in foreign markets.
Reputation and historical track record may also influence an artist’s decision. Some songwriters might feel a sense of loyalty to a particular PRO, perhaps because of its legacy or because their musical idols are among its ranks. Others might prioritize the financial aspect, opting for the organization that they believe will maximize their earnings.
Before making a choice, artists should conduct thorough research and perhaps consult with industry professionals, such as music attorneys or experienced songwriters. It’s also advisable to attend events hosted by the PROs, as these can provide insights into their community and operations. The decision between ASCAP, BMI, and SESAC is not one to be taken lightly, as it can have a significant impact on an artist’s career and income.
To close, music publishing and the work of PROs like ASCAP, BMI, and SESAC are indispensable in the music ecosystem. They ensure that songwriters and composers are fairly compensated for the use of their music, thus enabling them to continue creating the soundtracks to our lives. As for artists deciding on a publishing partner, the choice will always be personal and should be aligned with their individual needs and career goals. With the right publishing support, artists can navigate the complex music landscape and find success amidst its ever-changing rhythms.